The Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. federal agency that deals with health, authorized for the first time ever human clinical trials of stem cells derived from embryos. This was announced by the website of the New York Times, recalling that these procedures will be developed by Geron Corporation and the University 'of California, Irvine, in some patients with spinal cord injury.
The FDA had already approved this kind of test 'in January 2009. However, shortly before they began, these studies were suspended because 'of the cysts were discovered in mice that were injected with the cells. At that point, Geron has developed other methods and developed a better technique to make more 'well the new cells.
The trial, phase 1 will be 'carried out in several' centers (up to seven) on a small number of patients with serious injury of the spinal cord. The main purpose is to verify security, even before the effectiveness of the technique. Will be enrolled in the trial patients with complete lesions of the thoracic spinal cord subacute grade, according to the scale of Asia (American Spinal Injury Association) and the therapy will consist in the injection of embryonic stem cells treated by the same Geron Corporation and marked with the symbol Grnopc1, derive from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, or nerve cells that surround, like a sheath, the long filaments that connect nerve cells. The goal is' to restore the full functionality of nerve connections, repairing the injury that prevents her from completely. Although many long
Researchers claim that is correct from a scientific perspective, both along the path of research on adult stem cells and embryonic cells, the debate has long since crossed the boundaries of science to enter the political and ethical issues such as calling into question the status of ' embryo. According to the definition generally accepted in the scientific world and also envisaged by the international scientific journal Nature, embryonic stem cells are cells capable of giving rise to any organ or tissue. It 'a characteristic that belongs exclusively to the cells that form in the earliest stages of embryo development. Are totipotent, that is sufficient to give rise to a whole organism, and pluripotent that is able 'to form all the cell lines, including germ cells.
The adult stem cells are multipotent, tissue taken from the already 'differentiated and are not capable of giving rise to all types of organs or tissues. In contrast to embryonic cells, their use in the research poses no ethical problems, however, because 'does not imply the use of embryos. The challenge in this case, is to identify in each organ and tissue retention of immature cells. Once taken, or stimulated to grow, these can be grown and differentiated to obtain cell lines made of some tissues or organs.
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